TFL Vsebine / Revija Pravnik

7

V naravi prava je, da je prospektivno. Ključno vprašanje je, kako je mogoče utrjevati predvidljivost zakonov ob odločanju o primerih, ki so nastali v preteklosti. Pred sodnikom so štirje temeljni pristopi (skupaj z ustreznimi preoblikovanji), ki so znani kot subjektivistično-statična, subjektivistično-dinamična, objektivistično-statična in objektivistično-dinamična razlaga. Odločitev vselej sprejemamo tu in zdaj, a to še ne sme pomeniti, da je objektivistično-dinamični vidik a priori dominanten. Vodilen je toliko, da nam pomaga najti smer, v kateri naj iščemo odgovore. Smer ni in ne sme biti poljubna. Prava izpeljava je tista, ki zavrača kakršnokoli prepovedano retroaktivno rahljanje zakona, in hkrati tista, ki se je sposobna vprašati, katera rešitev je kar najbližje temeljnim (človekovim) pravicam in pravnim načelom na posameznih pravnih področjih.

It is in the nature of law that it is prospective. The key issue is how to reinforce the predictability of statutes when deciding cases that took place in the past. There are four basic approaches (with their corresponding transformations) at the judge’s disposal, which are known as subjectivist-static, subjectivist-dynamic, objectivist-static and objectivist-dynamic interpretations. The decision is always made here and now, yet this must not mean that the objectivist-dynamic aspect is a priori the dominant one. It is the leading one in that it helps to find the direction of where to look for answers. This direction is not and must not be an arbitrary one. The correct derivation is the one rejecting any forbidden retroactive loosening of the law and at the same time being capable of enquiring which solution is closest to the basic human rights and legal principles in the individual field of law.

Time-Dependence of the Interpretation of Law