TFL Vsebine / Pravni letopis

Prispevek obravnava posebnosti sklepanja in izvrševanja pravnih poslov pri uporabi decentraliziranih aplikacij. To so digitalne platforme z decentralizirano arhitekturo delovanja. Narava in struktura razmerij na njih sta drugačni od za digitalne platforme tipičnega pogodbenega trikotnika med ponudnikom, povpraševalcem in digitalno platformo. Narava in vsebina razmerij med uporabniki in decentralizirano aplikacijo sta odvisni od stopnje decentraliziranosti aplikacije in tipa decentralizirane aplikacije. Stopnja (de)centraliziranosti aplikacije določa (ne)obstoj subjekta – nosilca pravic in obveznosti na strani decentralizirane aplikacije in s tem (ne)obstoj razmerij med njim in uporabniki. Od tipa decentralizirane aplikacije pa sta odvisna vloga pametnih pogodb, ki jo sestavljajo, in posledično pomen transakcije pri sklepanju in izvrševanju pravnega posla prek decentralizirane aplikacije. Transakcija uporabnika prek pametne pogodbe določene decentralizirane aplikacije lahko pomeni le izvršitev razpolagalnega pravnega posla ali pa tudi izjavo volje za sklenitev zavezovalnega pravnega posla z vsebino, kot jo določa pametna pogodba. Raznolikost pojavnih oblik decentraliziranih aplikacij onemogoča splošne ugotovitve, zato prispevek ponudi orodje in okvir za razumevanje razmerij na konkretnih decentraliziranih aplikacijah.

This paper discusses the specificities of concluding and executing transactions by usuing decentralised applications. Decentralised applications are digital platforms with a decentralised operating architecture. The nature and structure of the relationships on them is different from the contractual triangle between the provider, the user and the digital platform typical for digital platforms. The nature and content of the relationship between the provider, the user and the decentralised application depends on the degree of decentralisation of the application and the type of decentralised application. The degree of (de)centralisation of the application determines the (non-)existence of an entity - the holder of rights and obligations on the side of the decentralised application and thus the (non-)existence of a relationship between it and the users. The type of decentralised application in turn determines the role of the smart contracts that make it up and, consequently, the importance of the transaction in the conclusion and execution of a legal transaction through the decentralised application. A user’s transaction through a smart contract of a particular decentralised application may be merely the execution of a dispositive legal transaction or may also be a declaration of intent to enter into a binding legal transaction with the content as defined by the smart contract. The variety of forms that decentralised applications take makes it impossible to draw general conclusions, thus this paper offers a tool and a framework for understanding the relationships in concrete decentralised applications.

Concluding and executing legal transactions by using decentralised applications