TFL Vsebine / Revija Pravnik

5

Preplet učenih pravnih tradicij rimskega in kanonskega prava v srednjeveški Evropi se označuje kot oboje pravo (ius utrumque). Srednjeveško kanonsko pravo je bilo univerzalno pravo, zraslo iz cerkvenopravnih in rimskopravnih virov, ki je bilo v svojem bistvu delo sholastične cerkvenopravne znanosti (kanonistike) in papeške zakonodaje. Prispevek oriše tristoletno nastajanje in vsebino zbirk kanonskega prava v klasični dobi kanonistike med 12. in 14. stoletjem. Obdobje zaznamuje zasebna zbirka, znana kot Gracijanov Dekret (1140), najobsežnejša srednjeveška uradna kodifikacija Liber Extra (1234) ter njeni dodatki Liber Sextus (1298), Klementine (1317) in Ekstravagance. Poslanstvo papeške zakonodaje je bilo nadgradnja rimskega prava v luči evangelijskih zapovedi in teološkega nauka. Srednjeveška pravotvorna dejavnost rimske Cerkve, ki je spominjala na vlogo rimskega pretorja, je bistveno pripomogla k recepciji rimskopravnega izročila v družbi, prepojeni z vrednotami krščanske morale.

The intertwinement of Roman (civil) law and canon law in the medieval Europe is commonly designated as “both laws” (ius utrumque). Medieval canon law was a universal law, which emerged from ecclesiastical as well as ancient Roman legal sources and was at its core a product of scholastic ecclesiastical science of canon lawyers as well as papal legislation. The article outlines three centuries of development and the core content of ecclesiastical legal collections in the period of the classical age of canonist science (12th−14th centuries). The period is characterised primarily by the private collection of canon sources Decretum Gratiani (1140), the most extensive medieval official codification – Liber Extra (1234) as well as its additions Liber Sextus (1298), Clementinae (1317) and Extravagantes. The mission of the papal legislation was to upgrade Roman law provisions in the light of Gospel and theological teachings. The law-making activity of the Church, resembling the vocation of Roman praetor, facilitated the reception Roman law in a society governed by the values of Christian morality.

Corpus Iuris Canonici – The Genesis and Significance of Medieval Collection of Ecclesiastical Law in the Classical Period of Canonist Science