TFL Vsebine / Revija Pravnik

5

Predmet članka je kazenskopravno varstvo moralnih avtorskih pravic, določeno v 147. členu Kazenskega zakonika (KZ-1) pod naslovom »Kršitev moralnih avtorskih pravic«. Moralne avtorske pravice so tista upravičenja iz enovite avtorske pravice, ki varujejo avtorja glede njegovih duhovnih in osebnih vezi do avtorskega dela, zato jih uvrščamo tudi med osebnostne pravice. Ustava RS zagotavlja posebno varstvo tako pravicam iz ustvarjalnosti kot tudi osebnostnim pravicam. Zakonodajalec je ocenil, da je spoštovanje avtorskih pravic tako pomembno, da je za najbolj grobe posege vanje poleg zasebnopravnih zahtevkov predpisal še kazenske sankcije. Kazenski zakonik inkriminira kršitev pravice priznanja avtorstva in pravice spoštovanja dela, niso pa inkriminirane kršitve moralnih pravic prve objave dela in pravice skesanja. Prav tako ni inkriminirana kršitev moralnih pravic izvajalcev kot imetnikov avtorski sorodnih pravic. Avtorja podrobno analizirata vsebino opisane inkriminacije ter se kritično opredelita do zakonske rešitve, ki zaradi neusklajenosti kazenskopravnega in avtorskopravnega izrazja preveč nejasno določa znake kaznivega dejanja.

The subject of this article is the criminal law protection of authors’ moral rights as defined in Article 147 of the Slovenian Criminal Code under the heading “Violation of moral rights”. Moral rights are those entitlements arising from the copyright that protect the author in respect of his or her intellectual and personal ties to the work, which is why these rights are also classified as personal rights. The Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia provides special protection to both creativity rights and personality rights. The legislator assessed that respect for copyright is so important that, in addition to providing private-law claims, criminal sanctions were prescribed for the most serious violations of such rights. The Criminal Code criminalises the infringement of the right to recognition of authorship and the right to integrity of the work, whereas the violations of moral rights of first publication and of the right to withdrawal are not criminalised. Infringement of performers’ moral rights is also not prescribed as a criminal offence. The authors comprehensively analyse the content of the described incrimination and criticise the disparity between the terminology used in the Criminal Code and in the Copyright Act, which leads to unclear definition of the elements of incrimination.

Criminal Law Protection of Authors’ Moral Rights