TFL Vsebine / Zbornik znanstvenih razprav

Obsežni migracijski tokovi danes finančno močno obremenjujejo precej držav in postavlja se vprašanje, ali lahko država gostiteljica po mednarodnem pravu zahteva od države izvora odškodnino za stroške sprejema ljudi, ki so iz nje morali zbežati. Za uspešno uveljavljanje odškodnine v takih primerih je treba najprej dokazati, da so ljudje iz države izvora zbežali zaradi njenih ravnanj. Nato je treba prepričljivo utemeljiti podlago odškodninskega zahtevka, ki temelji bodisi na kršitvi obveznosti nepovzročanja množičnih valov migrantov, ki jo država izvora državi gostiteljici dolguje posamično, bodisi na samih kršitvah človekovih pravic, kot obveznosti erga omnes partes, ki jih država izvora dolguje določeni skupini držav, del katere je tudi država gostiteljica, ki jo te kršitve še posebej prizadenejo. Nazadnje je treba opredeliti nastanek škode, to so vsi stroški, ki so v dovolj neposredni povezavi s protipravnim ravnanjem, ki se jim država gostiteljica ne more izogniti.

Massive migration flows nowadays represent a huge financial burden for many states and the question arises as to whether host countries may obtain under international law a compensation from countries of origin for the costs relating to admission of people who were forced to flee therefrom. To claim compensation successfully, one first has to establish that people fled from the country of origin as a result of its acts. Then, one has to present a valid ground for the claim for compensation, which is either a violation of the obligation not to cause large-scale flows of forced migrants, which is owed to the host country individually, or violations of human rights as erga omnes partes obligations, which are owed to a certain group of states, including the host country that is specially affected by those violations. Finally, one has to demonstrate the occurrence of actual damage, namely all the costs relating to admission of forced migrants which are of sufficien causal proximity to the wrongful acts of the country of origin, and which the host country cannot avoid.