TFL Vsebine / Revija SIR*IUS

Pitfalls of the balance sheet analysis in the current business environment

Trenutna finančna in gospodarska kriza nas je opozorila, da je poleg poslovne uspešnosti, ki jo izmerimo s čistim dobičkom, zelo pomembno tudi, s kakšnimi sredstvi je podjetje ta dobiček doseglo ter kako jih je financiralo. Pomen računovodske analize gibanja sredstev, dolgov in kapitala ter ugotavljanja pravilnosti razmerij med njimi se je povečal, z njim pa tudi pogostost navajanja gibanja različnih kazalnikov, ki so izračunani zgolj na osnovi podatkov iz bilance stanja. Kot kaže prispevek, ima bilanca stanja vrsto omejitev, ki izvirajo tako iz samih računovodskih določil, ki določajo pogoje za pripoznavanje in merjenje sredstev in dolgov v bilanci stanja, kot tudi konkretnih okoliščin, v katerih je podjetje oz. njegovo poslovodstvo. Prikazan je tudi vpliv zaostrenih finančnih razmer na gibanje kategorij bilance stanja in iz njih izračunanih kazalcev povprečnega slovenskega mikropodjetja in povprečnega slovenskega velikega podjetja.

The current financial and economic crisis has once again brought forth the importance of understanding that success, measured with net earnings, comes from assets and financing. Increasing relevance of accounting analyses of movement of assets, liabilities and capital, together with finding correct ratios between the three also means increase in listing values and movements of different indicators, derived from balance sheets. As shown in this paper, there are many limitations to the balance sheet, stemming both from accounting standards that define recognition and valuation of assets and liabilities in balance sheets, as well as from circumstances affecting companies and their respective managements. Also shown is the impact of exacerbated financial circumstances on the movements in balance sheet categories and resulting indicators for median micro company and median large company in Slovenia.