TFL Vsebine / Revija SIR*IUS

Legal aspects of the asset valuer´s liability with an emphasis on civil liability

Avtor obravnava v članku pravne vidike odgovornosti ocenjevalca vrednosti premoženja. Poudarek je na odškodninski odgovornosti. V slovenski pravni teoriji doslej še ni bilo poglobljenih razprav o tej temi in tudi sodne prakse za zdaj še ni. Odškodninska odgovornost je lahko pogodbena ali deliktna. Za ocenitev, narejeno na pogodbeni podlagi, se uporabljajo pravila o pogodbeni odgovornosti iz 239.–246. člena Obligacijskega zakonika (OZ). Po teh pravilih odgovarja ocenjevalec naročniku ocenitve, če mu je zaradi napačne ocenitve nastala škoda. Čeprav je ocenitev narejena na pogodbeni podlagi, pa to ne izključuje odgovornosti ocenjevalca nasproti tretjim osebam, to je osebam, s katerimi naročnik sklene pravni posel in je poročilo ocenjevalca podlaga za odločitev.. Odgovornost ocenjevalca nasproti tretjim osebam je deliktna odgovornost. Ocenjevalec odgovarja tretjim osebam za škodo, če je lahko predvideval, da bodo uporabile njegovo ocenitev pri sklepanju pravnega posla z naročnikom. Z zakonom je posebej urejena odgovornost ocenjevalca v postopku prisilne poravnave in pomeni konkretizacijo deliktne odgovornosti. Deliktna odgovornost je tudi odgovornost ocenjevalcev, ki jih v postopku imenuje sodišče ali upravni organ. Odgovarjajo za škodo, ki je nastala strankam postopka zaradi sodne ali upravne odločbe, če se je ta odločba opirala na poročilo ocenjevalca (cenilca).

The paper discusses the legal aspects of asset valuer´s liability with an emphasis on the most interesting type of liability in theoretical terms, civil liability, which has so far not been discussed in Slovenian legal theory in-depth or there is no case law to speak of. Asset valuers can be held either contractually or tort liable. Contract-based valuations are subject to contractual liability referred to in Articles 239 to 246 of the Slovene Code of Obligations (OZ). Pursuant to the rules laid down therein, the asset valuer is held liable towards the client who has commissioned the valuation for damage incurred as a result of incorrect valuation. Even though valuation is contract-based, the asset valuer is not exempted from third-party liability – that is liability towards third parties with whom the client, who has commissioned the valuation, has concluded a legal transaction and whose decision has been based on the report drawn up by the asset valuer. Third-party liability of the asset valuer constitutes tort liability. The law specifically regulates compulsory settlement liability of the asset valuer, which constitutes a specific tort liability. Tort liability also applies to asset valuers appointed by the court or an administrative body as part of proceedings. In such an event, asset valuers are held liable for any damage incurred by parties to the proceedings if the issued decision was based on the report drawn up by the asset valuer.