TFL Vsebine / Pravni letopis

Prispevek obravnava razmerje med izvršnimi in neizvršnimi direktorji v slovenskem enotirnem sistemu upravljanja delniških družb, v katerem je poslovodni in nadzorstveni organ družbe upravni odbor. Poudarek analize je na razlikah in podobnostih, ki obstajajo med obema vrstama direktorjev z vidika njihovih pristojnosti, zlasti zastopanja ter odškodninske odgovornosti. Ker so določbe o pristojnostih upravnega odbora dispozitivne, v praksi lahko nastopijo različne oblike delovanja enotirnega sistema, kar je zlasti odvisno od tega, ali v družbi obstaja delitev na neizvršne in izvršne direktorje, in v primeru, ko ta delitev obstaja, od tega, ali so izvršni direktorji hkrati člani upravnega odbora ali ne. Kadar v upravnem odboru ni delitve na izvršne in neizvršne direktorje, so vsi člani upravnega odbora zakonski zastopniki družbe. V trenutku, ko upravni odbor izmed svojih članov imenuje izvršnega direktorja, kar je obezno pri javnih delniških družbah, ta po zakonu zastopa in predstavlja družbo, če pa so izvršni direktorji imenovani izmed oseb, ki niso hkrati člani upravnega odbora, ti niso zakonski zastopniki družbe, ampak jim družba lahko podeli pravnoposlovno pooblastilo ali tudi prokuro. V sistemu, ki pozna delitev na izvršne in neizvršne člane upravnega odbora, se odškodninska odgovornost prvih približuje tisti članov uprave, drugih pa tisti članov nadzornega sveta v dvotirnem sistemu.

Article addresses relationship between executive and non­executive directors in Slovenian one­tier model of corporate governance. The analysis focuses on differences and similarities between both types of directors regarding their competences, in particular their power of representation and liability for damages. As provisions on directors´ competences are of non­compelling nature, there are many different types of boards of directors in everyday business practice. Their mode of action basically depends on whether the governance structure is divided into executive and non­executive directors and in case of such division whether executive directors are members of the board. If division between executive and non­executive directors doesn´t exist, every member of the board represents a company by the law. If the board appoints an executive director from among its members (which is obligatory for listed companies) he/she becomes statutory representative of the company. If the executive directors are appointed from among employees not being members of the board, they are not statutory representatives of the company. In comparison with two­tier board, when the board is divided into executive and non­executive members, the liability of the former is very similar to that of the management board members and liability of the latter is similar to that of the supervisory board members.

The Executive and Non-Executive Directors’ Power of Representation and Liability for Damages