TFL Vsebine / Revija Pravnik

7

V slovenskem pravnem prostoru se že od leta 1983 za povračilo terjatev Zavoda za pokojninsko in invalidsko zavarovanje iz naslova preplačil iz pripadajočih zavarovanj uporabljajo splošna pravila civilnopravne neupravičene obogatitve. Gre za razmeroma preprosto ureditev, ki v praksi zaradi nejasne razmejitve med upravnim in civilnim pravom kljub vsemu povzroča veliko nejasnosti in zapletov. Prispevek obravnava vprašanje, v katerih okoliščinah bi bil zavarovanec kot prejemnik takih preplačil v primeru reparacijskega zahtevka zavoda uspešen s sklicevanjem bodisi na temeljno načelo obogatitvenega prava volenti non fit iniuria bodisi z uporabo ugovora odpada obogatitve. Na podlagi podrobnega pregleda področne sodne prakse Sodišča Evropske unije ter Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice pa je obravnavano tudi vprašanje posledic nezadostne skrbnosti zavoda kot organa javnega prava pri izvrševanju svojih upravnih pristojnosti.

In Slovenian legal order, the general rules of civil law regulating unjust enrichment have been applied since 1983 for the reimbursement of receivables from the Pension and Disability Insurance Institute concerning overpayments from related insurance. It is a relatively simple legal solution, which in practice, however, causes ample ambiguity and complications due to the unclear demarcation between administrative and civil law. The author discusses the question of the circumstances in which the insured, as the recipient of such overpayments, would be successful in the case of a reparation claim of the Institute by referring either to the basic principle of enrichment law volenti non fit iniuria or by using the objection of disenrichment. Based on a detailed review of the case law of both the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights, the issue of the consequences of insufficient diligence of the Institute as a public law body in exercising its administrative powers is also addressed.

(Non)reimbursement of Overpayments to the Pension and Disability Insurance Institute