TFL Vsebine / Pravni letopis

Prispevek obravnava vpliv razvoja in uporabe umetne inteligence na temeljno pravico do svobode izražanja. Tehnologije, ki uporabljajo umetnointeligenčne sisteme, niso inertne ali nevtralne in pogosto izražajo vrednote in predsodke ustvarjalcev in uporabnikov, kar lahko vpliva na družbo in demokratične procese. Njihova uporaba prinaša tako koristi kot tveganja za svobodo izražanja. Algoritmi odločajo, katere vsebine so dostopne uporabnikom, kar lahko povzroči pristranskost, omejevanje pluralizma in oblikovanje t. i. »odmevnih komor«. Poleg tega samodejno odstranjevanje vsebin z uporabo umetne inteligence pogosto vodi do čezmernih omejitev, saj algoritmi ne morejo ustrezno prepoznati konteksta in čustev. Države imajo dolžnost zagotoviti, da umetnointeligenčni sistemi ne ogrožajo svobode izražanja, vključno s pravico do informacij. Prispevek ponuja kritično analizo obstoječega mednarodnega regulativnega okvira in možnosti prihodnjega pravnega razvoja, vključno s sprejetjem globalne mednarodne pogodbe, ki bi celovito uredila umetno inteligenco in njene vplive na človekove pravice. Tak pristop bi lahko pomembno prispeval k odpravljanju fragmentacije in vzpostavitvi enakopravnih pogojev za tehnološki razvoj, utemeljen na varstvu človekovih pravic, pri čemer bi bilo zaradi hitrega razvoja pomembno predvideti možnosti za prilagajanje različnim prihodnjim situacijam.

This article examines the impact of the development and use of artificial intelligence on the fundamental right to freedom of expression. Technologies using AI systems are not inert or neutral and often reflect the values and prejudices of their creators and users, which can have an impact on society and democratic processes. Their use brings both benefits and risks for freedom of expression, as algorithms decide which content is accessible to users, which can lead to bias, limit pluralism and create so-called „echo chambers“. In addition, the automatic removal of content using artificial intelligence often leads to excessive restrictions, as algorithms cannot adequately identify context and emotion. States have a duty to ensure that AI systems do not undermine the right to freedom of expression, including the right to information. This paper offers a critical analysis of the existing international regulatory framework and the possibilities for future legal developments, including the adoption of a global international treaty that would comprehensively regulate AI and its human rights impacts. Such an approach could make an important contribution to overcoming fragmentation and creating a level playing field for technological development based on the protection of human rights, while, in view of the rapid pace of development, it would be important to foresee the possibility of adapting to different future situations.

The right to freedom of expression in the era of artificial intelligence systems