TFL Vsebine / Revija Javna uprava

Avtor sistematično obravnava pogodbo o opremljanju in pogodbo o javno-zasebnem partnerstvu ter pravno problematiko v zvezi s sklepanjem teh pogodb in njihovo (ne)skladnostjo s pravili javnega naročanja. Pogodbe o opremljanju omogočajo investitorjem, da zgradijo komunalno infrastrukturo, ki jo nato predajo občini, s tem pa si zagotovijo popoln nadzor nad postopkom izgradnje komunalne infrastrukture za svoj objekt, kar vključuje tudi lastno izbiro izvajalca brez izvedbe postopkov javnega naročanja, h katerim bi bila zavezana občina, če bi gradnjo izvedla sama. Javno-zasebno partnerstvo je po drugi strani opredeljeno kot sodelovanje, v katerem zasebni sektor financira ali sofinancira javne projekte, kot so gradnja in vzdrževanje infrastrukture, pri čemer razlikujemo med koncesijskim partnerstvom in javnonaročniškim partnerstvom, in sicer glede na to, na kateri stranki je težišče operativnega tveganja. S takim sodelovanjem javni sektor prihrani denarna in človeška sredstva, ki bi jih potreboval, če bi želel lastnoročno izpeljati nekatere večje projekte in tako elegantno uporabi know-how, ki ga ima zasebni sektor zaradi izkušenj pri izvedbi lastnih projektov. Avtor članka je pripravil tudi analizo stališč sodne prakse s pregledom nekaterih zanimivejših sodb Upravnega sodišča Republike Slovenije in Sodišča EU. Upravno sodišče RS je v več primerih presojalo o razpisnih pogojih in merilih za izbor najugodnejše ponudbe, pri čemer je poudarjalo potrebo po jasnih in natančno določenih merilih ter transparentnem postopku, Sodišče EU pa je odločilo, da je pogodba o izvedbi prostorske ureditve med dvema javnima subjektoma javno naročilo gradenj ter poudarilo, da neposredna izvedba infrastrukturnih del po nacionalni zakonodaji ne izključuje uporabe postopkov javnih naročil.

The article systematically examines both the development contract and the public-private partnership (PPP) contract, as well as the legal issues associated with the conclusion of these contracts and their (non-)compliance with public procurement regulations. Development contracts allow investors to build municipal infrastructure, which is subsequently transferred to the municipality. This ensures full control over the municipal infrastructure construction process for their own facilities, including the selection of contractors without the need to comply with the public procurement procedures that the municipality would otherwise be obligated to follow if it undertook the construction itself. On the other hand, a PPP is defined as a collaboration in which the private sector finances or cofinances public projects, such as the construction and maintenance of infrastructure. This is categorised further into a concession partnership and a public procurement partnership, depending on which party bears the operational risk. Such partnerships alleviate the financial and human resource burdens on the public sector that would be required for the execution of major projects independently. They also effectively harness the private sector’s know-how gained from managing its projects. The author has also conducted an analysis of case law opinions by reviewing some of the most notable judgments of the Administrative Court of the Republic of Slovenia and of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). The former has, in several cases, adjudicated on tender conditions and the criteria for the selection of the most advantageous tender, stressing the need for clear and precise criteria and a transparent procedure, while the CJEU has ruled that a contract for the execution of a spatial planning project between two public entities constitutes a public works contract, and has stressed that the direct execution of infrastructure works does not preclude the use of public procurement procedures under national law.

Development Contract and Public-Private Partnership Contract in the Public and Administrative Contracts System