TFL Vsebine / Pravni letopis

Številni pravniki so bili v zadnjih štirih letih pri vsakodnevnem sklepanju pogodb izpostavljeni izjemnim negotovostim in tveganjem. Negotovi izidi brexita, vojne v Ukrajini in pandemije covid-19 ter iz njih izhajajoče tržna nestabilnost in nepričakovane spremembe tržnih cen ter razprava o ustrezni uporabi doktrine o razvezi ali spremembi pogodbe zaradi spremenjenih okoliščin spadajo med najzahtevnejša vprašanja sodobne pravne znanosti in pogodbenega prava. Ta članek prispeva k obsežni znanstveni razpravi o tem, ali se spremembe tržnih cen, ki so nastale kot posledica pandemije covid-19 in vojne v Ukrajini, lahko štejejo za spremenjene okoliščine. Ta prispevek povzema in sistematizira dosedanjo pravno-ekonomsko in behavioristično literaturo s področja spremenjenih okoliščin in z dodajanjem nekaterih novih pogledov podaja priporočila, komentarje in predloge slovenskemu zakonodajalcu, pravnikom ter še posebej pravno-ekonomski znanosti. Poleg tega prispevek dodaja konceptualni okvir za izboljšano pravno intervencijo v primeru spremenjenih okoliščin, ko mora sodišče odločiti, ali se določen dogodek opredeli kot spremenjena okoliščina in ali se naj zaradi tega pogodba razveže, spremeni ali preprosto uveljavi.

During the past four years, many lawyers have been exposed to extreme uncertainties and risks in their daily contracting. The uncertain outcomes of Brexit, the war in Ukraine and the covid-19 pandemic, as well as the resulting market instability and unexpected changes in market prices, as well as the debate on the appropriate application of the doctrine of discharge or adjustment of the contract due to unforeseen contingency, are among the most challenging issues of modern jurisprudence and contract law. This article contributes to the extensive scholarly debate on whether changes in market prices resulting from the covid-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine can be considered as changed, unforeseen circumstances. This paper summarizes and systematizes the current legal-economic and behavioural literature in the field of changed circumstances and, by adding some new views, gives recommendations, comments and suggestions to Slovenian legislators, lawyers and especially legal-economic science. In addition, the paper adds a conceptual framework for an improved legal intervention in the case of changed circumstances, when the courts has to decide whether a certain event is defined as an unforeseen contingency and changed circumstance and whether, as a result, the contract should be terminated, adjusted or simply enforced.

Change of market prices as change of circumstances