TFL Vsebine / Revija Javna uprava

V prispevku obravnavam primerjalno pravno analizo organiziranosti negospodarskih javnih služb v nekaterih evropskih državah. Izraz negospodarske javne službe uporabljam v smislu kot ga opredeljuje slovenska zakonodaja in kot se je ustalil tudi v domači strokovni literaturi. Že v širšem evropskem prostoru najdemo zelo različna pojmovanja in koncepte pojma javna služba, med katerimi obstajajo precejšnje razlike. Pojem negospodarske javne službe tudi v pravu EU ni opredeljen na način kot ga pozna slovenska zakonodaja. Primerjava tujih ureditev lahko pomaga lažje razumeti številne probleme in tudi osvetliti možne poti sprememb ali reform javnih služb in njihove orga-nizacije. Tuji modeli so seveda lahko predvsem pomagalo, zgled ali navdih za domače ureditve, ki ne morejo biti le slepe kopije tujih ureditev. Glede pravne organizacije statusa izvajalcev/ponudnikov javnih služb na področju zdravstva in visokega šolstva je mogoče zaznati veliko pestrost pravno organizacijskih oblik. Nekatere od teh so bolj samostojne, druge manj. Včasih so te storitve organizirane znotraj državne uprave in niti nimajo lastne pravne subjektivite-te, drugič pa imajo večjo avtonomijo in so organizirane kot različne oblike sa-mostojnih oseb javnega ali zasebnega prava. Na teh področjih zasledimo tudi vrsto različnih oblik zasebnih ponudnikov teh storitev. Druga pomembna ugo-tovitev, ki sledi primerjalni študiji, je, da slovenski zavod, kot je urejen v Zakonu o zavodih, ni anahronizem v Evropi. Zavodi v bistvu obstajajo, pod takšnim ali drugačnim imenom, v številnih evropskih državah. Opazen trend na področju ureditev javnih služb je decentralizacija in avtonomizacija organizacijskih oblik javnih služb. Država se »umika« iz neposrednega upravljanja zavodov in prevzema indirektno, strateško usmerjanje.

The article deals with comparative legal analysis of organization of services of non-economic interest in selected European countries. I use the term social services of non-economic interest as it is used in the Slovenian legislation and academic work. In a broader European legal context there are different under-standings and concepts of public services.The term services of non-economic interest is not used in EU law in the same way as in the Slovenian context. A comparison of foreign models could help to understand various problems linked to public services as well as to shed light on possible ways to reform or improve the organization of public services. Foreign models could be used primarily as an inspiration for reforming domestic institutions, but could not replace institutional innovation regquired to design successful domestic models. The organization of healt servies and higher education shows a great variety of legal forms which are used accross Europe. Some of these forms are less independent (from the state), others more. Sometimes these public services remain institutionalized within the core public sector and have no legal personality, other times they have more autonomy and a legal form of independent public authorities. One can also find many different forms of private providers for these services. Another important conclusion from the comparative analysis shows that the Slovenian form of public entity (javni zavod) has equivalents in other European countries. And last but not least, decentralizaton and autonomization of various legal forms of public services is trend to be observed in most European countries. The state is steering and not rowing these public services