TFL Vsebine / Revija Pravnik

3

Avtor opozarja na to, da se gospodarska kriminaliteta sicer res izmika nedvoumnim in trdnim merilom za razločevanje med poslovnimi ravnanji, ki so normalna v gospodarskem poslovanju v kapitalistični družbi, ki je družba tveganja, in ravnanji, ki so nedvomno kriminalna. Toda to ne pomeni, da to dejstvo upravičuje neizmerno in samovoljno širjenje inkriminacij na tem področju. Avtor opozarja, da na to kazenskopravno področje vse bolj prodirajo merila, ki so do pred leti veljala na področju civilnega prava. Tako sta zlasti kaznivi dejanji zloraba položaja ali zaupanja in poslovna goljufija predmet brezmejnega širjenja inkriminacij, kar pa odpira vrata vsakršni samovolji vladajoče politične elite. Ta je namreč že ob začetku prodora neoliberalistične variante kapitalizma razglasila gospodarsko kriminaliteto za pojav, ki ogroža obstoj demokratične družbene ureditve, tako kot so pred kakimi petdesetimi leti tedanji vzhodnoevropski voditelji razglašali politično kriminaliteto za pojav, ki ogroža socializem. V resnici pa danes demokratično družbeno ureditev in njene poglavitne vrednote, kot so strpnost, vladavina prava in človekove pravice, v vseh zahodnih državah in tudi pri nas ogroža neodmerjeno in izključno v kazensko represijo usmerjeno odzivanje zoper ta pojav. Zato avtor svari pred zlorabo kazenskega prava za njegovemu bistvu nasprotne cilje, kot so reševanje političnih, gospodarskih in socialnih problemov in konfliktov. Na koncu se avtor zavzame za kriminalitetno politiko na sploh in posebej na gospodarskem področju, ki bi bila utemeljena na strokovnih in znanstvenih analizah, umirjena in razumna, ki ne bi bila sredstvo vladanja in za politične obračune. Hkrati se zavzema, da bi organi za njeno izvrševanje lahko mirno delovali legitimno, zakonito, strokovno pravilno in pravično, kar je tudi merilo za njihovo najvišjo možno učinkovitost.

The author emphasizes that economic crime indeed eludes unambiguous and robust criteria for distinguishing between business practices, which are normal in commercial transactions in a capitalist society – a risk society – and practices that are clearly criminal. However, this fact could not justify the immense and arbitrary spread of criminalization in this area. The author emphasizes an increased penetration in this area of criminal law of the applicable criteria characteristic of civil law. Thus, in particular, the criminal offenses of abuse of office or trust and commercial fraud are subjects of immense spread of incriminations, which opens the door to any arbitrariness of the ruling political elite. The latter already at the onset of the penetration of neoliberal variant of capitalism declared the economic crime as a phenomenon which threatens the very existence of a democratic social order, reminding us of a similar move some fifty years ago by the then Eastern European leaders who proclaimed political crime to be a phenomenon that threatens socialism. However, today in all western countries and also in Slovenia, the democratic social order and its core values, such as tolerance, the rule of law, and human rights, are threatened by the response against this phenomenon using exclusively criminal repression. Therefore, the author warns against the abuse of criminal law for its essentially opposing goals, such as solving the political, economic and social problems and conflicts. The author concludes by encouraging such criminal justice policy in general and especially in the economic sphere, which would be based on professional and scientific analyses, which would be moderate and reasonable, and which would not serve as a means of governance and political feuds. Simultaneously, he encourages the formation of such an environment in which the enforcement authorities could safely operate legitimately, legally, professionally correct, and fairly, which is the criterio

Some Critical Reflections on the Criminal Justice Policy in the Field of Economy