TFL Vsebine / Pravni letopis

Reforma, ki bi zagotovila, da zahteva za varstvo zakonitosti v pravdnem postopku v Sloveniji ne bo zgolj relikt sovjetskega prava, mora spremeniti dvoje. Prvič, poudarjeno mora biti, da namen tega pravnega sredstva ni nadzor nad delovanjem nižjih sodišč ali preverjanje pravilnosti vseh sodb, temveč mora cilj tega pravnega sredstva presegati pomen konkretne zadeve in korist strank v tej konkretni zadevi. Cilj je zagotavljanje objektivne koristi za pravni red v celoti, torej da se Vrhovno sodišče izreče o pravnih vprašanjih, ki so pomembna za razvoj prava skozi sodno prakso in za enotnost sodne prakse. Drugič, ker ne gre za pravno sredstvo strank v konkretni zadevi, saj je vložitev tega pravnega sredstva neodvisna od volje strank, je treba zagotoviti, da odločitev ne bo posegala v pravnomočno zaključeno zadevo. Učinek sme biti le ugotovitveni. Za cilj, ki ga to pravno sredstvo želi doseči – učinek za naprej, tj. usmerjevalna vloga vrhovnega sodišča ter s tem zagotavljanje predvidljivosti in pravne varnosti, prispevek k razvoju prava in enotnosti sodne prakse – je to povsem dovolj.

There are two necessary elements of a reform of the extraordinary appeal of a public prosecutor to a Supreme Court in Slovenian Civil Procedure Act; otherwise this instrument will remain a relict of a soviet type of civil procedure. First, it should be emphasized that the purpose of this appeal is not opening doors for an unlimited control of lawfulness of all judgments of lower courts. Rather, its purpose should be linked to a public function of a Supreme Court in creating precedents and thus strengthening the Supreme Court’s role in developin g law through case law and ensuring its uniform application. Second, as this is not a Party’s appeal and it is filed regardless of the Parties will and thus should not affect the individual Parties’ civil rights and obligations, it must be ensured that it will result only in a declaratory judgment of a Supreme Court. For the purpose which this appeal pursues – the effect of creating a precedent and thus strengthening a legal certainty and predictability for future litigants and offering a valuable guidance for lower courts – a merely declaratory effect of the Supreme Court’s judgment, rendered on the Public Prosecutor’s extraordinary appeal is entirely sufficient.

On Unconstitutionality of the Extraordinary Appeal of a Public Prosecutor in Civil Proceedings