TFL Vsebine / Revija Javna uprava

Tik pred začetkom pandemije koronavirusa COVID-19 leta 2020 je odstopila dotedanja vlada in se vzpostavila nova vlada. Soočila se je z neprecedenčnim izzivom in odgovornostjo. Delovati in ukrepati je bilo treba hitro, odločno in odgovorno. Vlada se je z izzivom in težavam v prvi fazi soočila tako, da je na temelju Zakona o nalezljivih boleznih (ZNB) sprejela Odlok o začasni splošni prepovedi gibanja in zbiranja ljudi na javnih mestih in površinah v Republiki Sloveniji ter prepovedi gibanja izven občin. V Sloveniji niso bile uradno razglašene izredne razmere, katerih razglasitev sicer ureja in dopušča Ustava RS. Uveljavljeno je bilo »izjemno stanje«, ki pa je ustvarilo dejanske življenjske razmere, ki so de facto pomenile izredno stanje. Avtorja poudarjata in analizirata ustavnost zadevnega Odloka ter ustavnost omejitev ustavnih pravic in svoboščin s tem Odlokom. Postavita se v zamišljeno vlogo hipotetičnih pobudnikov za ustavnosodno presojo tega Odloka. Sistematično in zaporedno nizata možne in zelo verjetno argumente, s katerimi bi se lahko ali pa se dejansko je izpodbijala ustavnost Odloka ter omejitev ustavnih pravic in svoboščin s tem Odlokom. Analiza je bila napisana, preden je Ustavno sodišče odločilo o ustavnosti Odloka, zoper katerega je bilo, po javno znanih informacijah, vloženih več kot šestdeset pobud za njegovo ustavnosodno presojo. Njuna analiza ima predvsem akademski in ustavnopravno teoretični namen in pomen. Avtorja predvsem analitično natančno in argumentirano odstirata nastala ustavnopravna vprašanja, ne da bi pri tem neposredno in kategorično zavzela stališče o ustavnosti in zakonitosti Odloka in drugih ravnanj Vlade RS v času pandemije; to prepuščata Ustavnemu sodišču.

Shortly before the official proclamation of the 2020 Coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic, the Government of the Republic of Slovenia resigned and the new Government was established. It was faced with an unprecedented challenge and responsibility. It was necessary to act—and to act quickly, decisively and responsibly. The Government faced the problem of pandemic in the first phase by adopting a Decree on the temporary general ban on the movement and gathering of people in public places and areas in the Republic of Slovenia and the prohibition of movement outside the municipalities, on the basis of the Infectious Diseases Act. In Slovenia, “extraordinary circumstances” were not officially declared, even though the proclamation of such circumstances are otherwise regulated and permitted by the Constitution. An “emergency situation” was established, which, however, created real living conditions that de facto meant a state of emergency. In the present analysis, the authors emphasise and analyse the constitutionality of the Decree in question and the constitutionality of the restrictions on constitutional rights and freedoms established and by the Decree. The authors place themselves in the imaginary role of hypothetical initiators for the constitutional review of this Decree. They systematically set out the possible and very probable arguments with which the constitutionality of the Decree and the restriction of constitutional rights and freedoms by this Decree could be, or in fact were challenged. The analysis was drafted before the Constitutional Court ruled on the constitutionality of the Decree, against which, according to publicly known information, over sixty petitions were submitted for its constitutional review.

Constitutional Law Analysis on Constitutional Rights Restrictions in Time of 2020 Pandemic