TFL Vsebine / Revija Pravnik

9

Evropska unija (EU) postaja vse pomembnejši akter na področju zagotavljanja mednarodnega miru in varnosti ter redno sprejema sankcije proti tretjim državam. Primarna zakonodaja EU je za sprejem takih ukrepov nedvoumna, mednarodnopravna podlaga za sprejem ukrepov proti državam, ki niso članice EU in torej niso zavezane z njenim pravom, pa je manj jasna. Članek predlaga delitev na neavtonomne in avtonomne sankcije. Neavtonomne sankcije EU so sprejete v okviru kolektivne varnosti, na podlagi resolucije Varnostnega sveta Organizacije združenih narodov (OZN). Pri tem se postavlja vprašanje zavezanosti EU z obveznostmi, ki izhajajo iz prava OZN glede na to, da ni članica te organizacije. EU pa sprejema tudi avtonomne sankcije, pri katerih gre za samostojen ukrep EU. Zakonitost takih sankcij bo lahko utemeljena v splošnih pravilih mednarodnega prava o odgovornosti (protiukrepi), običajnopravnih pravil o prenehanju veljavnosti in začasnem prenehanju uporabe mednarodnih pogodb ali pa pravu Svetovne trgovinske organizacije.

The European Union (EU) is becoming an increasingly important actor in the sphere of international peace and security and imposes sanctions against states outside Europe on a regular basis. Legal basis for imposition of such sanctions under the EU primary law is unequivocal, however, its international legal basis is less clear. Based on the analysis of possible international legal justifications the article proposes division on non-autonomous and autonomous sanctions of the EU. Non-autonomous sanctions are based on the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Resolutions and are measures of collective security. In the course of implementation of such resolutions it remains questionable to what extent the EU is bound by the obligations arising from the law of the UN, since it is not its member. Lawfulness of autonomous measures on the other hand can be justified in general rules of international law on responsibility (countermeasures), customary international rules on termination and suspension of the operation of treaties or law of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).

Imposition of Sanctions by the European Union Against Third States: An International Law Aspect