TFL Vsebine / Revija Pravnik

11

The evaluation of male victims of criminal offences of domestic violence in the American and Slovenian legal systems is subject to legislative norms that are not based on gender discrimination. Nevertheless, the implementation of norms in cases where the victims are men, corresponds with peculiar problems, which have a foundation in the historical and social perception of men. In the United States as well as in Slovenia, non-governmental organisations play an important role in the prevention of domestic violence. Statistically, men report crimes of domestic violence less often, but research demonstrates that there is a significant percentage of victims of domestic violence who are male, as well as the long-term physical and psychological consequences they suffer. In Slovenia, the field of domestic violence is mainly governed by the Criminal Code (Kazenski zakonik – KZ-1) and the Domestic Violence Prevention Act (Zakon o preprečevanju nasilja v družini – ZPND). In the American system, the Vio- lence against Woman Act (VAWA) is the most important legal act at the federal level in the field of domestic violence, while at the level of individual federal states, the field is governed by various other acts. Hence, women are more often victims of domestic violence which has its consequences on the debates on legislative guidelines and the nature of preventive and support programmes intended for victims of domestic violence. In Slovenia as well as in the United States, for example, currently no programmes exist that are focused on men as victims of domestic violence. Therefore, the question arises of how to educate men and empower them towards reporting violence more often.

Obravnava moških žrtev kaznivih dejanj družinskega nasilja je tako v slovenskem kot tudi ameriškem pravnem redu predmet zakonodajnih norm, ki niso diskriminatorne narave. Problematika diskriminacije moških kot žrtev nasilja, ki ima temelj v zgodovinskem in družbenem dojemanju spola, pa je pri uresničevanju področnih norm prisotna v obeh sistemih. Pri preprečevanju nasilja v družini imajo pomembno vlogo ameriške in slovenske nevladne organizacije. Statistično moški prijavljajo nasilje v družini redkeje, vendarle iz podatkov raziskav izhaja, da so dolgotrajne telesne in psihološke posledice zaradi nasilja zaznane tudi pri osebah moškega spola. V Sloveniji področje nasilja v družini urejata predvsem Kazenski zakonik (KZ-1) in Zakon o preprečevanju nasilja v družini (ZPND). V ameriški ureditvi je na zvezni ravni na področju nasilja v družini pomemben Zakon o nasilju nad ženskami (Violence against Woman Act – VAWA), na ravneh posameznih zveznih držav pa področje nasilja vsebinsko urejajo različni drugi predpisi. Razprave o zakonodajnih smernicah ter vsebine preventivnih in podpornih programov v boju proti nasilju v družini so zaradi pogostosti prijav osredinjene na ženske. Programov, ki bi bili usmerjeni izključno na žrtve družinskega nasilja moškega spola, v Sloveniji ter ZDA ni veliko in se zato postavlja pomembno vprašanje, kako globalno spodbuditi moške k pogostejšim prijavam nasilja.

Moški kot žrtve nasilja v družini