TFL Vsebine / Revija SIR*IUS

Tax aspects of corporate financing

Davčni vidiki financiranja gospodarskih družb so raznovrstni, pri čemer izhaja veliki del problematike iz dolžniškega (in ne lastniškega) financiranja gospodarskih družb. Znotraj dolžniškega financiranja so posojila (v ožjem pomenu besede), dana s strani družbenika oz. z njim povezane osebe, problematična, saj omogočajo nižanje davčne osnove z obrestmi od danega posojila. V prispevku so obravnavani glavni instituti davčnega prava, ki se spopadajo z davčnimi posledicami dolžniškega financiranja družbe preko posojil, to so: tanka kapitalizacija, priznana obrestna mera, transferne cene, prikrito izplačilo dobička in davčni odtegljaj. Navedeni prispevek je kažipot, ki bralcu omogoči splošen pregled nad prisotnimi davčnimi dilemami, ko družba prejme posojilo od družbenika oz. povezane osebe.

The following article will deal with the question of debt financing of companies through the lenses of corporate income tax. The main transaction which will be analyzed is that of a loan between a company and its associated entity (either a parent or a sister). Debt instead of equity financing can be valid and sometimes a rational form of financing, since it brings about a lower tax base for the borrower. The article deals with the main tax issues at hand, the question of thin capitalization, recognized interest rate (between associated entities), transfer prices, hidden profit distribution and withholding tax. The discussion put forward here will serve as a general orientation tool, which will enable foresight into the tax consequences of a company's debt financing through a loan from a partner or related party.