TFL Vsebine / Revija Pravnik

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Posvojitev je postopek, ki vpliva na življenje otroka in ga popolnoma spremeni. To ima velike posledice. Zato mora biti edino merilo v postopku posvojitve otrokova korist. V Indiji posvojitev urejajo partikularna prava, zato ima vsaka religija svoja pravila in predpise. Hindujsko pravo posvojitev je kodificirano v Hindujskem zakonu o posvojitvi in preživljanju, ki velja tudi za sikhe, budiste in džaine, čeprav slednji že dolgo zahtevajo posebno zakonodajo. Zakonodaja ima tudi druge pomanjkljivosti. Muslimani v državi nimajo kodificiranega prava posvojitev, tako da to področje ureja njihovo partikularno pravo. Pravila so določena tudi v drugih zakonodajah, kot je Zakon o pravosodju za mladoletnike iz leta 2015. Gre za sekularno pravo, ki se uporablja enotno za vse veroizpovedi. Tako se lahko vsakdo odloči, da zanj veljajo sekularni zakoni namesto partikularnega prava. Pogosto prihaja do konfliktov in zato že nekaj časa obstaja zahteva po enotnem zakonu za posvojitve. V tem članku so poudarjene vse te pomanjkljivosti v pravu posvojitev v Indiji in zagotovljeni predlogi, kako jih lahko na miren način odpravimo.

Adoption is a process that impacts the life of a child and changes it completely. It has great implications. Hence, while dealing with the process of adoption, the sole criteria should be the welfare of the child. In India, adoption is governed by personal laws and thus, every religion has its own rules and regulations. The Hindu law of adoption is codified under the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act which extends to Sikhs, Buddhists and Jains as well, despite the latter claiming for a separate legislation for a long time. There are other flaws in the law as well. Muslims in the country do not have a codified law for adoption and are governed by their personal law. Rules are also laid down under other legislations like the Juvenile Justice Act, 2015 which is a secular law and apply to all religions, uniformly. Thus, any person who chooses to be governed by the secular laws instead of their personal laws is free to do so. More often than not, conflicts arise and hence, a demand for a uniform law for adoption has been in place for quite some time now. This paper aims to highlight all these flaws in the law of adoption in India and provide amicable solutions to eradicate them.

The Law of Adoption in India: A Critical Analysis