TFL Vsebine / Revija Pravnik

11

Evropsko državljanstvo sestavlja omejen obseg pravic, ki pripadajo državljanom držav članic. Državljani EU uresničujejo te pravice v razmerju do drugih držav članic, v katere se preselijo, redkeje pa tudi do svojih matičnih držav. Zadeva Dereci in drugi proti Avstriji obravnava slednji položaj kot del nove doktrine državljanstva EU. S sodbo Dereci in drugi proti Avstriji je Sodišče EU razlago o preprečitvi dejanskega izvrševanja bistvene vsebine pravic državljanov Unije, ki bi bili prisiljeni zapustiti ozemlje Evropske unije (zadeva Ruiz Zambrano, C-34/09, sodba z dne 8. marca 2011), omejilo na najbolj izjemne okoliščine, ko bi bil državljan Unije zaradi zavrnitve dovoljenja za prebivanje družinskemu članu dejansko prisiljen zapustiti območje Unije. Članek analizira vpliv te sodbe na povezane pravice, emigracijsko in imigracijsko politiko držav članic, finančne posledice odločitve, vlogo nacionalnega prava in primerjavo s Slovenijo, pri čemer zaključuje, da merilo zapustitve ozemlja Unije ne bi smelo biti edina izjemna okoliščina, zaradi katere bo državljanu Unije preprečeno izvrševanje bistvene vsebine pravic, ki izhajajo iz statusa državljana Unije. To namreč precej nasprotuje prizadevanjem Unije za izboljšanje položaja otrokovih pravic in priznavanju pomena starševstva, v nasprotju s katerim bi bilo državljanstvu Unije »odvzet polni učinek«.

European citizenship consists of a limited number of rights belonging to citizens of the EU Member States. The EU citizens exercise these rights in relationship with Member States to which they move and rarely also in relationship with their home Member States. The case Dereci and Others v. Austria concerns this latter situation as part of the new doctrine on the European citizenship. With judgment Dereci and Others v. Austria, the interpretation of depriving Union citizens who have to leave the territory of the Union (case Ruiz Zambrano), of the genuine enjoyment of the substance of the rights conferred by virtue of that status was limited to the most exceptional circumstances, i.e. when a Union citizen would actually have to leave the territory of the Union as a whole because his family member’s residence application was rejected. The article analyses the impact of this judgment to related rights, emigration and immigration policies of Member States, financial consequences of the decision, role of national law and comparison with Slovenia. The article concludes that the criteria of leaving the territory of the Union should not represent the only extreme circumstance based on which a Union citizen would be prevented from the genuine enjoyment of the substance of the rights conferred by the virtue of the Union citizenship’s status. This actually significantly contradicts the Union’s efforts to improve children’s rights and in recognizing the importance of parenthood, contrary to which Union citizenship would be “deprived genuine enjoyment of the substance of the rights conferred by their status as EU citizens.”

European Citizenship in the Case of Dereci and Others v. Austria (C-256/2011)