TFL Vsebine / Revija Revus

Lex superior. Za nauk o normativnih hierarhijah. Po kratkem pregledu obstoječega pravoslovnega spisja o hierarhiji norm znotraj nekega danega pravnega reda, avtor uvede štiri pojme hierarhije: (i) formalna hierarhija obstaja med normami, ki urejajo ustvarjanje prava, na eni strani, in pravom, ki je ustvarjeno v skladu s temi normami; (ii) materijalna hierarhija obstaja med dvema normama, kadar neka tretja postavljena norma prepoveduje eni od prvih dveh, da bi bila z drugo v nasprotju; (iii) logična hierarhija obstaja, kadar se ena norma nanaša na drugo z ravni metajezika; (iv) aksiološka hierarhija je odvisna od neke vrednostne sodbe razlagalcev, ki eni od dveh norm pripisujejo višjo vrednost kot drugi. Avtor nato uporabi uveden pojmovni aparat za razjasnitev pojmov veljavnosti in meta-norme, pa tudi načela lex superior derogat inferiori. Končno pa, na podlagi omenjenega razlikovanja, avtor obravnava vprašanje samoomejitev zakonodajalca in pravno ureditev ustavnih sprememb.

After the author has given a brief literature review about hierarchy of norms in a legal order, he distinguishes four concepts of hierarchy: (i) the formal hierarchy exists between norms ruling law’s creation and the law created on the basis of and in conformity with these norms; (ii) the material hierarchy exists between two norms when any contradiction between them is positively forbidden by a third norm; (iii) the logical hierarchy exists between two norms when one refers to the other from a metalinguistic level; (iv) the axiological hierarchy depends on the interpreter's value judgment by which superiority is given to one norm over the other. Then such a conceptual apparatus is used in order to clarify the concept of validity, that of meta-norm, and also the status of the maxim lex superior derogat inferiori. Finally, on the basis of such distinctions, two issues are examined: the legislator's self-imposed constraints and the legal arrangements governing constitutional amendments.