TFL Vsebine / Pravni letopis

Cilj prispevka je ugotoviti, ali so kulinarične stvaritve lahko predmet varstva pravic intelektualne lastnine, in podrobneje opredeliti pogoje, pod katerimi je takšno varstvo možno. Za potrebe tega prispevka so kulinarične stvaritve razdeljene v naslednje tri kategorije: kuharski recept, videz jedi in okus jedi. Kuharski recept sam po sebi ne pomeni individualne stvaritve, zato ne more biti predmet avtorskega varstva. Načeloma pa je kuharski recept mogoče patentirati. Pri videzu jedi prihaja do prikrivanja varstev različnih pravic, in sicer je videz lahko varovan z avtorsko pravico, blagovno znamko oziroma modelom. Pri tem je z blagovno znamko mogoče zaščititi zgolj tiste jedi, katerih vizualne lastnosti so sredstvo za razlikovanje podobnih proizvodov. Okus jedi ne more biti predmet varstva pravic intelektualne lastnine, saj ne izpolnjuje osnovnega predpogoja za zaščito, tj., da je kot predmet varstva objektivno določljiv. Okus pa je posredno oziroma v omejenem obsegu varovan z zajamčeno tradicionalno posebnostjo, kar je po mojem mnenju sporno, saj varstvo subjektivno opredeljivih stvaritev nasprotuje temeljnemu ustavnemu načelu pravne varnosti.

The aim of this article is to determine whether culinary creations can be protected with intellectual property rights and to define the conditions under which such protection is possible. For the purposes of this article, culinary creations are divided into three following categories: the recipe, trade dress, and the taste of food. The recipe itself does not represent an individual creation, therefore, it cannot be protected by copyright. However, the recipe can be patented, whereas the trade dress can be protected by multiple rights, such as copyright, trademark, and model. Trademark only provides protection for the trade dress which serves as a means to distinguish similar products. The taste of food cannot be protected with intellectual property rights, as it does not meet the basic precondition for protection, i.e. that the object of protection is objectively identifiable. Taste, on the other hand, is indirectly protected by guaranteed traditional specialty. In my opinion, this is controversial since the protection of subjectively definable creations contradicts fundamental constitutional principle of legal security.

Protection of food and recipes with intellectual property rights