TFL Vsebine / Zbornik znanstvenih razprav

Umetna inteligenca (UI) in druge tehnologije, ki temeljijo na algoritmih, so se v zadnjem desetletju pretežno že vključile v naša vsakdanja življenja. Čeprav ima UI izjemen potencial in je že pripomogla k izboljšanju človekovega položaja, je hkrati deležna ostre kritike, saj lahko med drugim reproducira pristranskost in družbene krivice ali okrepi distopične oblike nadzora. Večina znanstvenih, regulativnih in etičnih razprav se osredotoča na izzive UI na ravni programske opreme, pa je vidik strojne opreme UI pogosto prezrt. Razumevanje UI kot programske opreme, tj. kot umetnega »uma«, poudarja zgolj domnevno nove in vznemirljive vidike te tehnologije, pri tem pa prezre človeške in materialne stroške njene izdelave. To sovpada s tradicionalnim dualizmom uma in telesa, ki um postavlja nad telo in tako izkrivlja naš pogled na celoten problem. Da bi se zoperstavili prevladujočim narativom, avtorica predlaga razumevanje UI kot strojne in tudi programske opreme, s čimer se želi razširiti obseg etičnih in pravnih vprašanj, ki bi jih morali zajeti pri regulaciji UI. Celostno in sistemsko obravnavanje pojava UI mu odvzame njegovo zaznano edinstvenost. Ko resno upoštevamo svetovni obseg pridobivanja surovin, dela in podatkov, ki so potrebni za vzpostavitev UI, postane jasno, da je UI zgolj še en primer kolonialnega kapitalizma.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and other algorithm-based technologies have become part of everyday life over the last decade. While AI holds amazing potential and has already contributed positively to the human condition, it is also subject to fierce critique as it may, for example, reproduce bias and social injustices or increase dystopic forms of surveillance. While most scholarly, regulatory, and ethical debates focus on AI software-related issues, AI hardware receives far less attention. Understanding AI as software, as an artificial mind, highlights only the supposedly new and exciting aspects of this technology and ignores the human and material costs of its fabrication. This is consistent with the traditional mind-body dualism, which prioritises mind over body and thus skews our perception of the problem. To counter the dominant narratives, this article proposes a concept of AI as hardware/software to broaden the scope of ethical and legal issues that ought to be addressed through AI regulation. A holistic and systemic treatment of the AI phenomenon robs it of its perceived uniqueness. Once the worldwide extraction of materials, labour, and data necessary to set up AI machinery is seriously considered, AI stands out as yet another instance of colonial capitalism.