TFL Vsebine / Pravni letopis

Pri sklepanju bančnih pogodb so banke že v sklenitveni fazi dolžne zagotavljati (potencialnim) strankam posamezne informacije, pojasnila in nasvete, ki naj prispevajo k njihovi boljši obveščenosti in jim omogočajo sprejem odločitve o sklenitvi pogodbe na ustrezno informirani osnovi. Predpogodbena pojasnilna dolžnost banke vsebinsko izhaja iz temeljnega načela vestnosti in poštenja, pri čemer pa so posamezne konkretne obveznosti banke v tem okviru opredeljene z določili področne bančne zakonodaje. Najbolj obširno in podrobno so predpogodbene dolžnosti obveščanja banke urejene na področju potrošniškega kreditiranja. Obveznost posredovanja predhodnih informacij se v tem kontekstu dopolnjuje z obveznostjo razlage posredovanih informacij. Ob večji aktivnosti banke v smislu posredovanja nasvetov oziroma aktivnemu prepričevanju stranke za sklenitev pogodbe pojasnilna dolžnost lahko preraste celo v svetovalno razmerje nastalo na dejanski osnovi. Nepravilno izpolnjena pojasnilna dolžnost banke lahko vpliva na opredelitev posameznih splošnih pogodbenih pogojev kreditne pogodbe kot nepoštenih in posledično ničnih.

When concluding banking contracts, the banks are obliged to provide their (potential) customers with individual information, explanations and advice, which should contribute to their better awareness and enable them to decide on concluding a contract on an adequately informed basis. The banks’ pre-contractual explanatory duty is inherent in the basic principle of conscientiousness and fairness, whereas their individual specific obligations in this context are set out in the sectoral banking legislation. Xe most extensive and detailed pre-contractual information duties in the banking business are prescribed in the field of consumer credits. In this context, the bank’s obligation to provide preliminary information is complemented by its obligation to interpret the information transmitted. If the bank’s activity is more extensive in terms of providing advice or active persuasion of the client to conclude a contract, the explanatory duty can grow into an advisory relationship created on an actual basis. An improper fulfilment of the bank’s explanatory duty can influence the qualification of individual general contractual terms of the credit agreement as unfair and consequently null and void.

The Banks’ Pre-Contractual Information Duties in Conclusion of Contracts