TFL Vsebine / Pravni letopis

Začasno zavarovanje v (pred)kazenskem postopku je stična točka kazenskega in civilnega (procesnega) prava, saj omogoča zavarovanje kazenske terjatve (odvzem premoženjske koristi) in civilne terjatve (premoženjskopravni zahtevek). Kljub različnemu izvoru sta obe terjatvi usmerjeni v vzpostavitev stanja pred kaznivim dejanjem, v njuni konkurenci pa ima prednost civilna terjatev, zato se ureditev zavarovanja v (pred)kazenskem postopku precej opira na pravila civilnega zavarovanja. Po drugi strani je kazensko zavarovanje mogoče le, če je zavarovana terjatev povezana s kaznivim dejanjem, zato vsaj za del njenega temelja veljajo pravila za odločanje o krivdi. Ta povezanost načenja številna problematična vprašanja, na katera zakonsko besedilo ne daje jasnih odgovorov (npr. smiselna uporaba zakonov, dokazno breme in dokazni standard, domneva nedolžnosti, pravica do izjave) in ki jih je zato treba reševati z ustrezno razlago. Cilj prispevka je opozoriti na nekatere sporne položaje, osvetliti njihovo ozadje in pomen ter ponuditi izhodišča za odločanje v konkretnih primerih.

Temporary securing of claims in pre-trial criminal procedure is the middle ground between criminal and civil law, as it enables interim measures in relation to both criminal claims (seizure of the proceeds) and civil claims (indemnification). Despite their different origins, both said claims strive for civil restitution, thus civil law provisions concerning the conditions and procedure are applicable mutatis mutandis. On the other hand, such temporary securing is only possible if the claim is connected to the alleged crime, which in turn implies the use of certain safeguards regarding the decision-making in terms of suspect’s guilt. From such interdisciplinarity arise many difficult issues (e. g. mutatis mutandis application, burden of proof, standard of proof, presumption of innocence, right to be heard) that can be resolved only by thoroughly interpreting the law. The goal of the article is in identifying such issues, explaining their context and importance, and finally providing the grounds for decision-making in such cases.

Temporary Securing of the Claim for the Seizure of the Proceeds in Pre-Trial Criminal Procedure – Middle Ground Between Criminal and Civil Law