TFL Vsebine / Pravni letopis

Prispevek podaja oris instituta odškodninske odgovornosti države. Ta se najprej nanaša na odgovornost države za protipravno izvajanje oblasti. Njegova pravna podlaga je čl. 26 URS, vendar se zanjo – v odsotnosti drugih posebnih pravil – uporabljajo splošna pravila nepogodbene odškodninske odgovornosti. Osnovno načelo je, da država (oz. občina) odgovarja za škodo, ki jo pri delu in v zvezi z delom protipravno in krivdno povzroči njen organ oz. oseba, ki izvaja javna pooblastila. Sem vsebinsko sodi tudi institut odgovornosti države za škodo kot posledico kršitev evropskega prava, ki izhaja iz evropskega prava in je nastal na nekoliko drugačni podlagi. Po drugi strani pa obstaja skupina primerov, v katerih si država iz različnih razlogov naloži objektivno odgovornost za škodo, ki ne nastane zaradi protipravnega izvajanja oblasti, ampak drugače. Sem sodijo denimo odgovornost za neupravičeno obsodbo in odvzem prostosti, odgovornost zaradi obveznega cepljenja, odgovornost žrtvam nasilnih kaznivih dejanj, pa tudi npr. odgovornost države za škodo, ki jo povzročijo divje živali. Prispevek je kritičen do čezmerne širitve odškodninske odgovornosti države.

The author attempts to provide an overview of the institute of state liability for damages in Slovenian law. The legal foundation for liability of the state for wrongful exercise of authority is Art. 26 of the Constitution. However, since there are no other special rules for state liability, the general rules on non-contractual liability for damage are being applied. The basic principle is that the state (or local community) is liable for loss caused wrongfully and culpably in connection with the exercise of authority by the government agent. Also the state liability for the breach of EU law belongs to this category, although it is based on slightly different principles. On the other hand there are cases, where the state, for different reasons, assumes the risk of damage, which is not a consequence of wrongful exercise of power, such as the liability for damages due to unjustified sentence or false imprisonment, liability towards victims of violent crimes, liability arising from mandatory vaccination, but also liability of the state for damage caused by wild animals. The author is critical towards excessive extension of state liability.

Liability of the State for Damage