TFL Vsebine / Pravni letopis

Za zgodovinski pregled pogodb o premoženju zakoncev v Republiki Hrvaški je značilno postopno širjenje svobode pogodbenega urejanja premoženjskih razmerij med zakoncema.Prvotno zakonca nista mogla prosto spremeniti zakonskega premoženjskega režima (skupno premoženje); kasneje jima je bilo to dovoljeno, vendar le v delu, ki se nanaša na njun zaslužek ali dohodek. Družinski zakon iz leta 2003 je priznal široko svobodo in veliko avtonomijo pogodbenega urejanja zakonskih razmerij med zakoncema in sedaj veljavni Družinski zakon iz leta 2015 tega ni spremenil. Pogodbe o premoženju zakoncev urejajo le trije členi Družinskega zakona iz leta 2015. Zaradi pomanjkljive zakonske ureditve in redkega sklepanja tovrstnih pogodb so sodni postopki, ki so jih zakonci začeli v zvezi s pogodbami o premoženju, redki.Težave, ki se pojavljajo v dostopni sodni praksi, se nanašajo na vprašanje razlikovanja med pogodbami o premoženjskih razmerjih in pogodbami o delitvi skupnega premoženja, pa tudi na sklepanje pogodb o premoženju zakoncev. Namen tega članka je predstaviti zgodovino pogodb o premoženju zakoncev na Hrvaškem, ustrezno veljavno zakonodajo o teh pogodbah, pa tudi sodno prakso, ki hrvaškemu zakonodajalcu zastavlja nekatera odprta vprašanja. Avtorica predlaga, naj hrvaški zakonodajalec kot zgled za posodobitev družinskega prava v zvezi s premoženjem zakoncev uporabi Načela evropskega družinskega prava glede premoženjskih razmerij med zakoncema.

The historical overview of marital property agreements in the Republic of Croatia is characterised by gradual broadening of the freedom of contractual regulation of matrimonial property relations. Initially, spouses could not freely amend the default matrimonial property regime (community of property); later, they were permitted to do so, but only in the part referring to their earnings or income. Finally, the 2003 Family Act recognised the broad freedom and vast autonomy in the contractual regulation of matrimonial property relations. The 2015 Family Act, which is currently in force, has not introduced any new developments in this regard. Only three provisions of the 2015 Family Act regulate marital property agreements.Poor regulation of marital property agreements and their rare conclusion results in only few court proceedings initiated by spouses concerning their marital property agreements. The problems arising in relevant case law relate to the issue of differentiating between marital property agreements and agreements on the division of matrimonial property, as well as to the issue of marital property agreement formulation. This article is aimed at presenting the history of marital property agreement in Croatia, relevant applicable legislation on marital property agreement, as well as case law providing open questions for the Croatian legislator. The author suggests the Principles of European Family Law Regarding Property Relations between Spouses to Croatian legislator as a model to modernise family law concerning marital property agreement.

Marital Property Agreements in Croatian Theory and Practice