TFL Vsebine / Revija Revus

Članek obravnava pravno teorijo, ki je prisotna v končnem delu Vebrovega spisa Etika. Prvi poizkus eksaktne logike nagonske pameti. Veber se le mimogrede ukvarja s teorijo prava, vendar njegov prispevek ni zanemarljiv. Vebrova Etika je logika nagonske pameti: Veber, gledano iz čistega predmetnoteoretičnega vidika, ne sestavlja zbirke moralnih zapovedi, ampak namerava orisati najsplošnejša formalna načela, ki določajo pravilnost nagonskega doživetja. Tega, kaj mora posameznik narediti v danem trenutku, logika nagonske pameti ne more povedati, ker je le formalna veda. »Most« med formalnim in materialnim pristopom nravnemu problemu Veber najde v glasu vesti, ki svetuje posamezniku, kaj naj naredi v konkretnem delovanju. V soglasju s tem mora biti državno pravo osnovano na načelih nagonske logike, ker bi bilo drugače brez vsake veljavnosti. Pravo velja, v kolikor je utemeljeno na logiki, ki orisuje imanentna načela človeške narave; cilj prava je pospeševanje čim bolj pravilnega življenja posameznikov in družbe. Z druge strani vsebina tega prava ni enkrat za vselej določena in napisana, ampak vsakič izhaja iz hermenevtike, ki jo posamezniki in družba morajo izvršiti o sebi in o svoji naravi. Etika »zdravega razuma« in »povprečnega človeka« je po Vebru najboljši model za materialno izpopolnenje formalne nagonske logike.

This article discusses the theory of law, which is present in the final part of Veber’s Etika. Prvi poizkus eksaktne logike nagonske pameti. Veber is only incidentally concerned with the theory of law, but his contribution is not negligible. Veber’s Etika is the logic of the affective reason: Veber, from his object-theoretical point of view, does not form a collection of moral commands, but outlines the most general formal principles which govern the correctness of affective experience. The logic of the affective reason cannot tell what people should do at one precise moment, because the theory is formal. Veber finds the “bridge” between formal and material approach to the moral problem in the voice of conscience. The voice of the conscience advises the individual what to do in a particular situation. In agreement with this, the law of the state must be based on the principles of affective logic, because otherwise it would be without any force. The law has value as far as it is based on logic, which delineates the immanent principles of human nature. The aim of the law is to promote the correct life of individuals and society as far as possible. On the other hand, the content of this law is not determined once and for always, but is each time the result of the hermeneutic, which individuals and society must do about themselves and their nature. The ethics of“common sense” and “average person” is the best model, according to Veber, for the material completion of the affective formal logic.