TFL Vsebine / Revija SIR*IUS

Impact of Criminal Law on the Prevention of Cybercrimes

V zadnjem desetletju uporaba sredstev informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije in povezanost omrežij hitro naraščata, digitalne tehnologije pa so temeljito spremenile naše okolje. Temu trendu je sledila tudi kibernetska kriminaliteta, katere obseg se iz leta v leto povečuje tudi zaradi vse številnejše uporabe in odvisnosti od informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije. Prispevek bo bralca seznanil o vplivu kazenskega prava na preprečevanje oziroma omejevanje kibernetske kriminalitete. To je posebna vrsta kriminalitete, ki se od klasične razlikuje v številnih pogledih, in sicer: ni ozemeljsko omejena in je pogosto čezmejna, zakonodaja zaostaja za novimi pojavnimi oblikami kibernetske kriminalitete, med storilcem in žrtvijo ni fizičnega stika, pogosto pa pride tudi do popolne anonimnosti vsaj z ene strani. Namen kazenskih sankcij je zatiranje in preprečevanje dejavnosti, ki kršijo ali ogrožajo pravne dobrine, zavarovane s kazensko zakonodajo. Kazenske sankcije imajo dve funkciji: represivno in preventivno. Kazensko pravo želi doseči s preventivno funkcijo cilje generalne in specialne prevencije. Cilj generalne prevencije je preprečevanje kriminalitete z zastraševanjem ljudi pred pretečo kaznijo, s čimer naj bi ljudi odvrnila od storitve kaznivega dejanja. Učinki generalne prevencije pa so lahko različni tudi glede na posamezne skupine kaznivih dejanj. Prispevek bo predstavil, ali in kakšen učinek ima generalna prevencija na področje kibernetske kriminalitete.

Over the past decade, the use of information and communication technology resources and network connectivity have been rapidly increasing, and digital technologies have fundamentally changed our lives and our environment. This trend was followed by cybercrime, the volume of which has been increasing every year due to our increasing use and dependence on information and communication technology. This article will inform the reader about the impact of criminal law on the prevention of cybercrimes. Cybercrime is a particular type of crime, since it differs from traditional crimes in many aspects, namely: it is not territorially limited and is often cross-border, legislation lags behind its new forms, there is no physical contact between the perpetrator and the victim, and it often occurs in complete anonymity for at least one of the parties involved. The purpose of criminal sanctions is to suppress and prevent activities that violate or threaten legal goods protected by criminal law. Criminal sanctions have two functions: repressive and preventive. Criminal law with the preventive function pursues the aims of general and special prevention. The goal of general prevention is to prevent crime by intimidating people with criminal sanctions in order to deter them from committing a crime. However, the effects of general prevention may also vary with individual crime groups. The article will present whether and what effect general prevention has on cybercrimes.