TFL Vsebine / Zbornik znanstvenih razprav

V upravnih razmerjih in posebej v posamičnih upravnih zadevah se zaradi vezanosti upravnih organov na predpis in primarnega varstva javne koristi alternativno reševanje sporov (ARS) šele postopoma uvaja v pravni red in prakso. Kljub omejitvam v upravnih razmerjih pa nekatere oblike ARS prinašajo prednosti, kot so hitrejši in učinkovitejši postopki, večje zadovoljstvo udeležencev in sprejem (čeprav zanje neugodnih) odločitev, manj bremen za instančne in kaznovalne organe ter sodišča, ustvarjalnejša vloga uprave itd. Prek razvoja ARS na splošno, priporočil Sveta Evrope in EU ter izbranih tujih ureditev se v prispevku analizira posebnosti upravnih razmerij glede uporabe ARS. Upošteva se splošno ureditev po ZUP in ZUS-1 ter primere iz področne zakonodaje in prakse. Na teh podlagah poteka sistematična razprava o omejitvah in potencialih ARS ter dogmatiki oblik, de lege lata in de lege ferenda. Avtorica zaključi, da je treba razumeti ARS v upravnih razmerjih drugače kot na primer v pravdi, toda prednosti pristopa, ob uvedbi korektivnih mehanizmov zoper zlorabe v obstoječe upravne in sodne postopke, pretehtajo obstoječo formaliziranost. ARS se tako kaže kot odličen instrument za razvoj dobre uprave.

Considering that in administrative relations, particularly in individual administrative matters, administrative bodies strictly adhere to the law and primarily protect the public interest, alternative dispute resolution (ADR) is yet being gradually introduced into the relevant legal system and practice. Yet, despite the limitations relating to its application in administrative relations, certain forms of ADR indeed bring advantages, such as faster and more efficient procedures, increasing satisfaction of participants and faster adoption of decisions (even if unfavourable), less burdens for appellate and sanctioning bodies and courts, a more creative role of the administration, etc. By examining the evolution of ADR in general, the recommendations of the Council of Europe and the EU, and selected foreign regulations, the paper analyses the specifics of administrative relations as regards the use of ADR. It takes into account the general regulation under the Administrative Procedure Act and the Administrative Disputes Act, as well as examples from sector-specific legislation and practice. On the basis thereof, it systematically discusses the limitations and the potential of ADR and the dogmatics of the forms de lege lata and de lege ferenda. The author concludes that in administrative relations, ADR should be understood otherwise than e.g. in litigation, but the benefits of such approach – provided that corrective mechanisms against malpractice are introduced in the existing administrative and judicial procedures – outweigh the existing formalisation. ADR is thus seen as an excellent tool for developing good administration.