TFL Vsebine / Revija Javna uprava

Evropska unija je neto uvoznik energije. Svojo energetsko neodvisnost želi izboljšati s hkratnim zmanjševanjem negativnih antropogenih vplivov na ozračje, kar privede do spodbujanja rabe obnovljivih virov energije. Pravni okvir njihovega spodbujanja predstavlja Direktiva 2009/28/EC, ki med svojimi glavnimi cilji določa 20% uporabo obnovljivih virov v končni rabi energije do leta 2020. Začrtani so prav tako individualni pravno obvezujoči cilji po samih državah članicah. Uspešnost spodbujanja obnovljivih virov energije se, predvsem zaradi uporabe različnih podpornih mehanizmov, med državami članicami močno razlikuje. Dodatno oviro pri napredku predstavljajo tudi administrativne ovire, ki zasebne vlagatelje odvračajo od gradnje potrebne infrastrukture. Nadalje je potrebno preučiti energetsko prihodnost Evropske unije, saj je trenutni pravni okvir vzpostavljen zgolj do leta 2020. Sprememba obstoječe direktive je načrtovana za jesen 2016, vendar trenutno nakazane spremembe napovedujejo pomanjkanje pravno obvezujočih ciljev držav članic in s tem zmanjševanje spodbujanja pridobivanja energije iz obnovljivih virov. Hkratno je potrebno kritično oceniti samo spodbujanje uporabe obnovljivih virov energije. Trenutni pravni okvir v zadostni meri ne upošteva vseh negativnih vplivov na okolje in se osredotoča zgolj na zmanjševanje emisij toplogrednih plinov. Posebno je potrebno opozoriti na problem biogoriv, katerim strokovna javnost še najbolj nasprotuje. V vsakem primeru bodo obnovljivi viri energije še naprej naraščali, saj čedalje več držav poudarja pomen njihovega spodbujanja. Potrebno pa se je vprašati, kako naj bo to spodbujanje pravno regulirano.

European Union is as an energy importer. It is seeking ways to increase its energy security while reducing its greenhouse gas emissions due to international environmental concerns. This is mostly achieved by promoting the use of renewable energy through comprehensive legal framework consisting of Renewable energy Directive 2009/28/EC. The framework sets different binding national targets among member states and lays down a widespread 20% target for overall energy usage from renewable energy sources by 2020. Progress towards renewable energy goals is various among different member states, as they have adopted diverse support mechanisms. There are also a lot of administrative barriers, which obstruct the progress of renewable energy development. We must also look into the future, past the year 2020, as the revision of the current Directive is planned for autumn 2016. Current proposals lack binding targets set for member states and signify a step backwards for promoting the renewable energy. On the other hand, we must critically assess promotion of renewable energy, as there are some negative effects on the environment itself. This is especially the case regarding biofuels, which are not very well accepted in the technical literature. Nevertheless, the future is in renewable energy, as most of the countries in the world have adopted renewable energy action plans and continue to promote renewable energy progress.

Energy future of European Union – Renewable energy